The UNDRR definition further annotates that “disaster risk reduction is the policy objective of disaster risk management, and its goals and objectives are defined in disaster risk reduction strategies and plans". including corruption etc.).ĭisaster Risk Reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development". Examples include, but are not limited to: poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, high levels of poverty and education, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, disregard for wise environmental management or weak institutions, and governance (e.g. Vulnerability is multi-dimensional in its nature, and next to the four dimensions above, some authors also include cultural and institutional factors. Vulnerability is defined as “the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards”. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest”. As stated in the UNDRR glossary, “measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. Each hazard is characterized by its "location, intensity or magnitude, frequency, and probability".Įxposure is defined as “the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas”. Hazards may be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Hazard is defined as “a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”. Additionally, hazard vulnerability can be characterised by the capacities of a society to cope with a hazard. For example, this can be defined by the physical structure of a building, as well as by the social and economic characteristics of a system. The degree of potential damage is then characterised by the area's vulnerability. Any people, assets, infrastructure, and ecosystems located inside the area are all exposed to potential damage from floods. In some countries, such hazard areas outline the geographic extent of floods that have a 100 year period of possible return. According to the UNDRR definition, a hazard is characterised by its "location, intensity or magnitude, frequency and probability”. In the technical sense, it is defined through the combination of three terms: hazard, exposure and vulnerability.įor example, when a settlement is established on the shores of a river, hydrologists can identify and characterise flood hazard by carrying out a hydraulic analysis. The society (including individuals) and its infrastructure, assets and other processes - as well as services which may have experienced damage or destruction - are vulnerable.Īccording to the terminology of UNDRR, disaster risk is defined as “the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.The geographical area where the community is settled is exposed to such a hazard. When discussing disaster risk management, a disaster can highlight the following in a community: When a hazard event (such as a drought, flood, cyclone, earthquake or tsunami) occurs, triggering a loss of life and damage to infrastructure, it highlights the reality that society and its assets are vulnerable to such events.
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